PROGNOSTIC FACTORS TOWARD BLADDER CANCER PATIENT RECOVERY AFTER RADICAL CYSTECTOMY SURGERY
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to know independent prognostic factors to predict the recovery time of bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy. So that it would be a consideration to determine patient feasibility before surgery and after surgery management. Material & Methods: This study was an observational analytical study with a retrospective approach to examine the relationship between pre-surgery variables of the bladder cancer patients and the duration of treatment post radical cystectomy. Results: From the results of this study, it is known that the average length of postoperative care for older patients (above 65 years) was lower when compared to patients under 65 years with averages of 17.08 and 18.03 days respectively p-value of this analysis was 0.781. Patients with low hemoglobin, albumin, and HALP scores had longer postoperative hospitalization periods but with P values of 0.384, 0.276, and 0.603, the ileal conduit has the longest hospitalization treatment period between the two other procedures, with a P-value of 0.904. It was found that the average length of postoperative care for underweight patients was 16.5 days and for patients with normal BMI was 19.59 days. The difference between these averages showed a p-value of 0.396 it is known that the average length of postoperative care for older patients (above 65 years) was lower when compared to patients under 65 years with averages of 17.08 and 18.03 days respectively. The p-value of this analysis was 0.781 it was found that patients with low hemoglobin, albumin, and HALP scores had longer postoperative treatment periods, p-value 0.384, 0.276, and 0.603. The average duration of postoperative care for patients who applied the ERAS protocol tended to be faster (15.67 days) compared to patients who did not apply the ERAS protocol (18.16 days). Nevertheless, the p-value of this difference was 0.518. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is no prognostic factor that can independently predict the duration of treatment of bladder cancer patients post-radical cystectomy. Therefore in-depth assessment of various factors is required before performing radical cystectomy to achieve the best postoperative recovery rates.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Prognostic Factors, Bladder Cancer, Radical Cystectomy Surgery
Clark PE, Agarwal N, Biagioli MC, Eisenberger MA, Greenberg RE, Herr HW, et al. Bladder cancer: Clinical practice guidelines in oncology. JNCCN J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2013; 11(4): 446–75.
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017; 67(1): 7–30.
Babjuk M, Böhle A, Burger M, Capoun O, Cohen D, Compérat EM, et al. EAU Guidelines on Non–Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2016. Eur Urol. 2017; 71(3): 447–61.
Alfred Witjes J, Lebret T, Compérat EM, Cowan NC, De Santis M, Bruins HM, et al. Updated 2016 EAU Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol. 2017; 71(3): 462–75.
Chang SS, Boorjian SA, Chou R, Clark PE, Daneshmand S, Konety BR, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline. J Urol. 2016; 196(4): 1021–9.
DeSantis CE, Lin CC, Mariotto AB, Siegel RL, Stein KD, Kramer JL, et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014; 64(4): 252–71.
Alfred Witjes J, Lebret T, Compérat EM, Cowan NC, De Santis M, Bruins HM, et al. The impact of preoperative anemia on oncologic outcome in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016; 71(4): 489–94.
Moschini M, Suardi N, Pellucchi F, Rocchini L, La Croce G, Capitanio U, et al. Impact of preoperative thrombocytosis on pathological outcomes and survival in patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2014; 34(6): 3225–30.
Klinga G, Sherif A. A retrospective evaluation of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive urothelial urinary bladder cancer, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Springerplus. 2016; 5(1): 1167.
Eggers H, Seidel C, Schrader AJ, Lehmann R, Wegener G, Kuczyk MA, et al. Serum C-reactive protein: A prognostic factor in metastatic urothelial cancer of the bladder. Med Oncol. 2013; 30(4).
Lambert JW, Ingham M, Gibbs BB, Given RW, Lance RS, Riggs SB. Using preoperative albumin levels as a surrogate marker for outcomes after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Urology. 2013; 81(3): 587–92.
Temraz S, Mukherji D, Farhat ZAA, Nasr R, Charafeddine M, Shahait M, et al. Preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio predicts clinical outcome in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: A retrospective analysis. BMC Urol. 2014; 14(1): 1–6.
Ma C, Lu B, Diao C, Zhao K, Wang X, Ma B, et al. Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and fibrinogen level in patients distinguish between muscle-invasive bladder cancer and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 2016; 9: 4917–22.
Zhang GM, Zhu Y, Luo L, Wan FN, Zhu YP, Sun LJ, et al. Preoperative lymphocyte-monocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios as predictors of overall survival in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Tumor Biol. 2015; 36(11): 8537–43.
Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R, Groshen S, Feng AC, Boyd S, et al. Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: Long-term results in 1,054 patients. J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19(3): 666–75.
Johnson DC, Riggs SB, Nielsen ME, Matthews JE, Woods ME, Wallen EM, et al. Nutritional predictors of complications following radical cystectomy. World J Urol. 2015; 33(8): 1129–37.
Monzó Gardiner JI, Amo FH, Díez Cordero JM, Benavente RC, Moyano ÁS, Fernández CH. Factores pronósticos en la supervivencia de los pacientes con carcinoma transicional de vejiga tratados con cistectomía radical. Actas Urol Esp. 2009; 33(3): 249–57.
Peng D, Zhang CJ, Gong YQ, Hao H, Guan B, Li XS, et al. Prognostic significance of HALP (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet) in patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1): 1–9.
Ziouziou I, Irani J, Wei JT, Karmouni T, El Khader K, Koutani A, et al. Bricker vs néovessie de substitution : laquelle offre la meilleure qualité de vie après cystectomie radicale? Une revue systématique de littérature et méta-analyse. Prog en Urol. 2018; 28(5): 241–50.
Lee RK, Abol-Enein H, Artibani W, Bochner B, Dalbagni G, Daneshmand S, et al. Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Options, patient selection, and outcomes. BJU Int. 2014; 113(1): 11–23.
Terry WJ, Bueschen AJ. Complications of radical cystectomy and correlation with nutritional assessment. Urology. 1986; 27(3): 229–32.
Vukovic N, Dinic L. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in major urologic surgery. Front Med. 2018; 5: 1–10.