EVALUATION OF PAIN SCALE ON CIRCUMCISION PATIENTS UNDER LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE LOCAL ANESTHESIA
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
Objective: Evaluating the pain scale of circumcision patients under lidocaine hydrochloride local anesthesia. Material & Methods: An observational descriptive research was carried out on 30 children with a body weight of 20-29 kilograms from February 2023-April 2023. Circumcision was performed under 2 ampoules of 2% lidocaine as local anesthesia. Data consisted of pain onset measure using a stopwatch and the pain scale were obtained through the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS), these variables were recorded when pain occurs post-local anesthesia effects ends. Results: The average onset of pain is 47.73 minutes with the fastest onset of pain was 20 minutes and the longest onset of pain was 72 minutes. The average pain scale as measured by the WBFPRS is 2.33. Conclusion: The average pain scale in this study was less than 3 which indicated that the pain felt did not interfere with activities. Keywords: Circumcision, pain, anesthesia, lidocaine.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Circumcision, pain, anesthesia, lidocaine.
Rossi S, Buonocore G, Bellieni CV. Management of Pain in Newborn Circumcision: A Systematic Review. Eur J Pediatr. 2021; 180(1): 13-20.
Ferasinta, Wijaya AK. Pengaruh Metode Klem Terhadap Lama Hari Perawatan Pada Anak Yang Menjalani Sirkumsisi Di Poniran Khitan Center Bengkulu. Pros Senantias. 2020; 1(1): 171-178.
Abdulwahab AA, Mungadi IA. Techniques of Male Circumcision. J Surg Tech Case Rep. 2013; 5(1): 1-7.
Morris BJ, Wamai RG, Henebeng EB, et al. Estimation Of Country-Specific And Global Prevalence Of Male Circumcision. Popul Health Metr. 2016; 14(1): 4.
WHO, Statistics Agency Z, Hellar A, et al. Circumcision Methods for Adolescent Boys and Men. PLoS One. 2015; 22(8): 1-6.
Wang J, Zhao S, Luo L, et al. Dorsal Penile Nerve Block Versus Eutectic Mixture Of Local Anesthetics Cream For Pain Relief In Infants During Circumcision: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2018; 13(9): e0203439.
Leung YL. Lidocaine. In: Wexler P, editor. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. 3rd ed. Academic Press; 2014.
Sudhakar A. Pain Assessment Scale. In: A Clinical Daily Diary of Child Health Nursing (Pediatric Nursing). 1st ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical; 2016.
Fang P, Tang PF, Xu RA, Zheng X, Wen J, Bao SS, et al. Functional Assessment Of CYP3A4 Allelic Variants On Lidocaine Metabolism In Vitro. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017; 11: 3503-10.
Prasetyono TOH, Lestari PA. The Onset And Duration Of Action Of 0.2% Lidocaine In A One-Per-Mil Tumescent Solution For Hand Surgery. Arch Plast Surg. 2016; 43(3): 272-7.
Ibrahim R, Naim M, Premtim R. Evaluation Of The Pain Scale During Arteriovenous Fistula Puncture With And Without Lidocaine Gel 2% In Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis In Kosovo. Ann Med Surg. 2022; 79: 103913.
Mittal M, Sharma S, Kumar A, Chopra R, Srivastava D. Comparison of Anesthetic Efficacy of Articaine and Lidocaine During Primary Maxillary Molar Extractions in Children. Pediatr Dent. 2015; 37(7): 520-4.
Al-Salem AH. An Illustrated Guide to Pediatric Urology. 1st ed. London: Springer; 2017.
Frescos N. What Causes Wound Pain? J Foot Ankle Res. 2011; 4.