THE EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE DEPRIVATION ON ATHEROPLAQUE FORMATION, TESTOSTERONE RECEPTORS, AND COLLAGENIZATION IN WISTAR PENILE TISSUE
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association between testosterone deprivation and atheroplaque formation, testosterone receptors, and collagenization in Wistar penile tissues. Material & method: Two months after orchiectomized bilaterally, penile tissue of eight Wistar were harvested for semi-quantitative analysis of atheroplaque formation using hematoxyllin-eosin staining. Similar analysis were also conducted to look for collagenization by collagenase staining as well as the expression of testosterone receptors by immunohistochemistry staining. Control group were eight Wistar underwent Sham surgery. Statistical analysis for atheroplaque formation in Wistar compare to control group used was Chi-square, Fishers’ exact test was used for the expression of testosterone receptors, and independent t-tests for evaluating collagenization. Results: A significant decline in the testosterone receptors and increase collagenization were obtained in orchiectomized Wistar, while atheroplaque formation was not significantly different. Conclusion: Testosterone deprivation revealed a significant decline in the expression of testosterone receptors, and a significant increase in collagenization while atheroplaque formation was not significantly changed. Keywords: Erectile dysfunction, testosterone receptors, collagenization, atheroplaque formation, orchiectomy.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Traish AM. Testosteron plays a pivotal role in maintaining penile tissue architecture and erection: A review. J Androl. 2009; 30: 363-9.
Lue TF. Physiology of penile erection and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. In: Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, ed. Saunders: Campbell-Walsh Urology; 2007(21).
Traish AM, Park K, Dhir V, Kim NN, Moreland MM, Goldstein I. Effects of castration and testosteron replacement on erectile function in a rabbit model. Endocrinology. 1999; 140: 1861-8.
Traish AM, Munarriz Ricardo, O’Connel L, Choi S, Kim SW, Kim NN. Effect of medical or medical surgical castration on erectile function in an animal model. J Androl. 2003; 24: 381-7.
Blanco-Rivero J, Sagredo A, Balfagon G, Ferrer M. Orchidectomy increases expression and activity of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, while decreasing endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability. Journal of Endocrinology. 2006; 190: 771-8.
Martorell A, Blanco-Rivero J, Lopez-Araz R, Sagredo A, Balfagon G, Ferrer M. Orchidectomy increases the formation of prostanoids and modulates their role in the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the rat aorta. Cardiovascular Research. 2008; 77: 590-9.
Alderton WK, Cooper CE. Knowles RG. Nitric oxide synthases: Structure, function and inhibition. Biochem. J. 2001; 357: 593-615.
Foresta C, Caretta N, Rossato M, Garolla A, Ferlin A. Role of testosterons in erectile function. J Urol. 2004; 171: 2358-62.
Palese MA, Crone KJ, Burnett AL. A castrated mouse model of erectile dysfunction. Journal of Andrology. 2003; 24(5).
Traish AM, Toselli P, Jeong S J, Kim NN. Adipocyte accumulation in penile corpus cavernosum of the orchiectomized rabbit: A potential mechanism for veno occlusive dysfunction in testosteron deficiency. Journal of Andrology. 2005; 26(2).
Armagan A, Kim NN, Goldstein I, Traish AM. Dose response relationship between testosterone and erectile function: Evidence for existence of a critical threshold. Journal of Andrology. 2006; 27(4).
Gurbuz N, Mammadov E, Usta MF. Hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction: An overview. Asian J Androl. 2008; 10: 36-43.
Yassin AA, Saad F. Testosterone and erectile dysfunction. Journal of Andrology. 2008; 29(6).
Stanworth RD, Jones TH. Testosterone for the aging male: Current evidence and recommended practice. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2008; 3(1): 25-44.
Chua RG, Calenda G, Zhang X, Siragusa J, Tong Y, Tar M. Testosterone regulates erectile function and Vcsa1 expression in the corpora of rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009; 303(1-2): 67-73.