mRNA EXPRESSION OF PD-1, PD-L1, AND IMMUNOTHERAPY IN BLADDER CANCER
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to investigate mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in patients with bladder cancer. Material & Methods: In this study, we examined 30 samples from paraffin embedded tissue blocks, samples were divided into two groups, 15 were NIMBC, and 15 were MIBC according to their histopathological result. mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were conducted using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Results: Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test found a significant difference in mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in NMIBC compared to MIBC groups. Conclusion: mRNA expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 were higher in MIBC compared to NMIBC. PD-1 and PD-L1 as immune checkpoints are potential immunotherapy for patients with advance stage bladder cancer. Immunotherapy could be a substitute or combined with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Bladder cancer, immunotherapy, PD-1, PD-L1
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I. Global Cancer Statistics 2018 : GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries; 2018. p. 394–424.
Quan C, Cha EJ, Lee HL, Han KH, Lee KM, Kim WJ. Enhanced expression of peroxiredoxin I and VI correlates with development, recurrence and progression of human bladder cancer. J Urol. 2006; 175(4): 1512–6.
Finn OJ. Immuno-oncology: Understanding the function and dysfunction of the immune system in cancer. Ann Oncol. 2012; 23(SUPPL.8): 8–11.
Yang Y, Wang X, Bai Y, Feng D, Li A, Tang Y, et al. Programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression in bladder cancer. Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig. 2020; 38(6): 1–7.
Bellmunt J, Powles T, Vogelzang NJ. A review on the evolution of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for bladder cancer: The future is now. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017; 54: 58–67.
Zhou TC, Sankin AI, Porcelli SA, Perlin DS, Schoenberg MP, Zang X. A review of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in bladder cancer: From mediator of immune escape to target for treatment. Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig. 2017; 35(1): 14–20.
Xylinas E, Robinson BD, Kluth LA, Volkmer BG, Hautmann R, Küfer R, et al. Association of T-cell co-regulatory protein expression with clinical outcomes following radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014; 40(1): 121–7.
Kim J. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy for bladder cancer treatment. Investig Clin Urol. 2016; 57: S98–105.
Yuan J, Hegde PS, Clynes R, Foukas PG, Harari A, Kleen TO, et al. Novel technologies and emerging biomarkers for personalized cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2016; 4(3): 1-25.
Boorjian SA, Sheinin Y, Crispen PL, Farmer SA, Lohse CM, Kuntz SM, et al. T-Cell coregulatory molecule expression in urothelial cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic correlations and association with survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2008; 14(15): 4800–8.
Nakanishi J, Wada Y, Matsumoto K, Azuma M, Kikuchi K, Ueda S. Overexpression of B7-H1 (PD-L1) significantly associates with tumor grade and postoperative prognosis in human urothelial cancers. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007; 56(8): 1173–82.
Huang Y, Zhang SD, McCrudden C, Chan KW, Lin Y, Kwok HF. The prognostic significance of PD-L1 in bladder cancer. Oncol Rep. 2015; 33(6): 3075–84.
Kawahara T, Ishiguro Y, Ohtake S, Kato I, Ito Y, Ito H, et al. PD-1 and PD-L1 are more highly expressed in high-grade bladder cancer than in low-grade cases: PD-L1 might function as a mediator of stage progression in bladder cancer 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis. BMC Urol. 2018; 18(1): 1–6.
Wang Y, Zhuang Q, Zhou S, Hu Z, Lan R. Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 on the immune escape of bladder cancer and its clinical significance. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol - Med Sci. 2009; 29(1): 77–9.
Inman BA, Sebo TJ, Frigola X, Dong H, Bergstralh EJ, Frank I, et al. PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and BCG-induced granulomata: Associations with localized stage progression. Cancer. 2007; 109(8): 1499–505.